Rewetting does not return drained fen peatlands to their old selves.

Peatlands have been drained for land use for a long time and on a large scale, turning them from carbon and nutrient sinks into respective sources, diminishing water regulation capacity, causing surface height loss and destroying biodiversity. Over the last decades, drained peatlands have been rewetted for biodiversity restoration and, as it strongly decreases greenhouse gas emissions, also for climate protection. We quantify restoration success by comparing 320 rewetted fen peatland sites to 243 near-natural peatland sites of similar origin across temperate Europe, all set into perspective by 10k additional European fen vegetation plots. Results imply that rewetting of drained fen peatlands induces the establishment of tall, graminoid wetland plants (helophytisation) and long-lasting differences to pre-drainage biodiversity (vegetation), ecosystem functioning (geochemistry, hydrology), and land cover characteristics (spectral temporal metrics). The Paris Agreement entails the rewetting of 500,000 km2 of drained peatlands worldwide until 2050-2070. A better understanding of the resulting locally novel ecosystems is required to improve planning and implementation of peatland rewetting and subsequent management.

[Music therapy single case process research--development and organization of a research field]. / Musiktherapeutische Einzelfall-Prozessforschung--Entwicklung und Aufbau eines Forschungsfeldes.

Music therapy yet to be discovered as a target of psychotherapy research. A first step consists in creating adequate samples of significant musical dialogues. Video-recording is an essential requirement for establishing such data. To test the clinical view that the emotional content of the musical dialogue in music therapy reflects the basic relationship issues of a patient was the objective of this study. By using ratings of significant musical dialogue sequences with the instrument of semantic differential comparing groups with varying clinical expertise (music therapists, psychoanalyts, lay persons) the results demonstrate that there is considerable stability of the judgments; however, systematic differences exists among the three groups of raters.

Music psychopathology. IV. The course of musical expression during music therapy with psychiatric inpatients.

The music therapeutic productions of 67 psychiatric inpatients were analyzed concerning a systematic variation in the course of therapy. The impairment of performance was not as regular as with customary music, nevertheless with growing remission it was reversible in all diagnostic subgroups. The change for the better of rhythmic and motor skills of endogenous-depressed patients was seen to the same extent as with traditional music. The polarity profile developed for the assessment of music proved meaningful in the characterization of music therapeutic utterances.